python入门爬虫项目

这是我的第一个python项目，分享给大家。

需求

我们目前正在开发一款产品其功能大致是：用户收到短信如：购买了电影票或者火车票机票之类的事件。然后app读取短信，解析短信，获取时间地点，然后后台自动建立一个备忘录，在事件开始前1小时提醒用户。 设计

开始我们将解析的功能放在了服务端，但是后来考虑到用户隐私问题。后来将解析功能放到了app端，服务端只负责收集数据，然后将新数据发送给app端。

关于服务端主要是分离出两个功能，

1、响应app端请求返回数据。

2、爬取数据，存入数据库。

响应请求返回数据使用java来做，而爬取数据存入数据库使用python来做，这样分别使用不同语言来做是因为这两种语言各有优势，java效率比python高些，适合做web端，而爬取数据并不是太追求性能且python语言和大量的库适合做爬虫。

代码:本项目使用python3的版本

了解这个项目你只需要有简单的python基础，能了解python语法就可以。其实我自己也是python没学完，然后就开始写，遇到问题就百度，边做边学这样才不至于很枯燥，因为python可以做一些很有意思的事情，比如模拟连续登录挣积分，比如我最近在写一个预定模范出行车子的python脚本。

（需要入门教程看文章末尾）

接下来讲解init.py包的标识文件，python包就是文件夹，当该文件夹下有一个init.py文件后它就成为一个package，我在这个包中引入一些py供其他py调用。（话不多说，开始***代码）

init.py

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # import need manager module import MongoUtil import FileUtil import conf_dev import conf_test import scratch_airport_name import scratch_flight_number import scratch_movie_name import scratch_train_number import scratch_train_station import MainUtil

下面两个是配置文件，第一个是开发环境的（windows），第二个是测试环境的（linux），然后再根据不同系统启用不同的配置文件

conf_dev.py

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # the configuration file of develop environment # path configure data_root_path = 'E:/APK98_GNBJ_SMARTSERVER/Proj-gionee-data/smart/data' # mongodb configure user = "cmc" pwd = "123456" server = "localhost" port = "27017" db_name = "smartdb"

conf_test.py

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # the configuration file of test environment #path configure data_root_path = '/data/app/smart/data' #mongodb configure user = "smart" pwd = "123456" server = "10.8.0.30" port = "27017" db_name = "smartdb"

下面文件是一个util文件，主要是读取原文件的内容，还有将新内容写入原文件。

FileUtil.py

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import conf_dev import conf_test import platform # configure Multi-confronment # 判断当前系统，并引入相对的配置文件platform_os = platform.system() config = conf_dev if (platform_os == 'Linux'): config = conf_test # path data_root_path = config.data_root_path # load old data def read(resources_file_path, encode='utf-8'): file_path = data_root_path resources_file_path outputs = [] for line in open(file_path, encoding=encode): if not line.startswith("//"): outputs.append(line.strip('\n').split(',')[-1]) return outputs # append new data to file from scratch def append(resources_file_path, data, encode='utf-8'): file_path = data_root_path resources_file_path with open(file_path, 'a', encoding=encode) as f: f.write(data) f.close

下面这个main方法控制着执行流程，其他的执行方法调用这个main方法

MainUtil.py

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import sys from datetime import datetime import MongoUtil import FileUtil # @param resources_file_path 资源文件的path # @param base_url 爬取的连接 # @param scratch_func 爬取的方法 def main(resources_file_path, base_url, scratch_func): old_data = FileUtil.read(resources_file_path) #读取原资源 new_data = scratch_func(base_url, old_data) #爬取新资源 if new_data: #如果新数据不为空 date_new_data = "//" datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d') "\n" "\n".join(new_data) "\n" #在新数据前面加上当前日期 FileUtil.append(resources_file_path, date_new_data) #将新数据追加到文件中 MongoUtil.insert(resources_file_path, date_new_data) #将新数据插入到mongodb数据库中 else: #如果新数据为空，则打印日志 print(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), '----', getattr(scratch_func, '__name__'), ": nothing to update ")

将更新的内容插入mongodb中

MongoUtil.py

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import platform from pymongo import MongoClient from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone import conf_dev import conf_test # configure Multi-confronment platform_os = platform.system() config = conf_dev if (platform_os == 'Linux'): config = conf_test # mongodb uri = 'mongodb://' config.user ':' config.pwd '@' config.server ':' config.port '/' config.db_name # 将数据写入mongodb # @author chenmc # @param uri connect to mongodb # @path save mongodb field # @data save mongodb field # @operation save mongodb field default value 'append' # @date 2017/12/07 16:30 # 先在mongodb中插入一条自增数据 db.sequence.insert({ "_id" : "version","seq" : 1}) def insert(path, data, operation='append'): client = MongoClient(uri) resources = client.smartdb.resources sequence = client.smartdb.sequence seq = sequence.find_one({"_id": "version"})["seq"] #获取自增id sequence.update_one({"_id": "version"}, {"$inc": {"seq": 1}}) #自增id 1 post_data = {"_class": "com.gionee.smart.domain.entity.Resources", "version": seq, "path": path, "content": data, "status": "enable", "operation": operation, "createtime": datetime.now(timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))} resources.insert(post_data) #插入数据

项目引入的第三方库，可使用pip install -r requirements.txt下载第三方库

requirements.txt

# need to install module# need to install module bs4 pymongo requests json

下面真正的执行方法来了，这五个py分别表示爬取五种信息：机场名、航班号、电影名、列车号、列车站。他们的结构都差不多，如下:

第一部分：定义查找的url；第二部分：获取并与旧数据比较，返回新数据；第三部分：main方法，执行写入新数据到文件和mongodb中；

scratch_airport_name.py：爬取全国机场

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import requests import bs4 import json import MainUtil resources_file_path = '/resources/airplane/airportNameList.ini' scratch_url_old = 'https://data.variflight.com/profiles/profilesapi/search' scratch_url = 'https://data.variflight.com/analytics/codeapi/initialList' get_city_url = 'https://data.variflight.com/profiles/Airports/%s' #传入查找网页的url和旧数据，然后本方法会比对原数据中是否有新的条目，如果有则不加入，如果没有则重新加入，最后返回新数据def scratch_airport_name(scratch_url, old_airports): new_airports = [] data = requests.get(scratch_url).text all_airport_json = json.loads(data)['data'] for airport_by_word in all_airport_json.values(): for airport in airport_by_word: if airport['fn'] not in old_airports: get_city_uri = get_city_url % airport['id'] data2 = requests.get(get_city_uri).text soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data2, "html.parser") city = soup.find('span', text="城市").next_sibling.text new_airports.append(city ',' airport['fn']) return new_airports #main方法，执行这个py，默认调用main方法，相当于java的mainif __name__ == '__main__': MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_airport_name)

scratch_flight_number.py：爬取全国航班号

#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import requests import bs4 import MainUtil resources_file_path = '/resources/airplane/flightNameList.ini' scratch_url = 'http://www.variflight.com/sitemap.html?AE71649A58c77=' def scratch_flight_number(scratch_url, old_flights): new_flights = [] data = requests.get(scratch_url).text soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser") a_flights = soup.find('div', class_='list').find_all('a', recursive=False) for flight in a_flights: if flight.text not in old_flights and flight.text != '国内航段列表': new_flights.append(flight.text) return new_flights if __name__ == '__main__': MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_flight_number)

scratch_movie_name.py：爬取最近上映的电影

#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import re import requests import bs4 import json import MainUtil # 相对路径，也是需要将此路径存入数据库 resources_file_path = '/resources/movie/cinemaNameList.ini' scratch_url = 'http://theater.mtime.com/China_Beijing/' # scratch data with define url def scratch_latest_movies(scratch_url, old_movies): data = requests.get(scratch_url).text soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser") new_movies = [] new_movies_json = json.loads( soup.find('script', text=re.compile("var hotplaySvList")).text.split("=")[1].replace(";", "")) coming_movies_data = soup.find_all('li', class_='i_wantmovie') # 上映的电影 for movie in new_movies_json: move_name = movie['Title'] if move_name not in old_movies: new_movies.append(movie['Title']) # 即将上映的电影 for coming_movie in coming_movies_data: coming_movie_name = coming_movie.h3.a.text if coming_movie_name not in old_movies and coming_movie_name not in new_movies: new_movies.append(coming_movie_name) return new_movies if __name__ == '__main__': MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_latest_movies)

scratch_train_number.py：爬取全国列车号

#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import requests import bs4 import json import MainUtil resources_file_path = '/resources/train/trainNameList.ini' scratch_url = 'http://www.59178.com/checi/' def scratch_train_number(scratch_url, old_trains): new_trains = [] resp = requests.get(scratch_url) data = resp.text.encode(resp.encoding).decode('gb2312') soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser") a_trains = soup.find('table').find_all('a') for train in a_trains: if train.text not in old_trains and train.text: new_trains.append(train.text) return new_trains if __name__ == '__main__': MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_train_number)

scratch_train_station.py：爬取全国列车站

#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import requests import bs4 import random import MainUtil resources_file_path = '/resources/train/trainStationNameList.ini' scratch_url = 'http://www.smskb.com/train/' def scratch_train_station(scratch_url, old_stations): new_stations = [] provinces_eng = ( "Anhui", "Beijing", "Chongqing", "Fujian", "Gansu", "Guangdong", "Guangxi", "Guizhou", "Hainan", "Hebei", "Heilongjiang", "Henan", "Hubei", "Hunan", "Jiangsu", "Jiangxi", "Jilin", "Liaoning", "Ningxia", "Qinghai", "Shandong", "Shanghai", "Shanxi", "Shanxisheng", "Sichuan", "Tianjin", "Neimenggu", "Xianggang", "Xinjiang", "Xizang", "Yunnan", "Zhejiang") provinces_chi = ( "安徽", "北京", "重庆", "福建", "甘肃", "广东", "广西", "贵州", "海南", "河北", "黑龙江", "河南", "湖北", "湖南", "江苏", "江西", "吉林", "辽宁", "宁夏", "青海", "山东", "上海", "陕西", "山西", "四川", "天津", "内蒙古", "香港", "新疆", "西藏", "云南", "浙江") for i in range(0, provinces_eng.__len__(), 1): cur_url = scratch_url provinces_eng[i] ".htm" resp = requests.get(cur_url) data = resp.text.encode(resp.encoding).decode('gbk') soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser") a_stations = soup.find('left').find('table').find_all('a') for station in a_stations: if station.text not in old_stations: new_stations.append(provinces_chi[i] ',' station.text) return new_stations if __name__ == '__main__': MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_train_station)

将项目放到测试服务器(centos7系统)中运行起来，我写了一个crontab，定时调用他们，下面贴出crontab。

/etc/crontab

SHELL=/bin/bash PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin MAILTO=root # For details see man 4 crontabs # Example of job definition: # .---------------- minute (0 - 59) # | .------------- hour (0 - 23) # | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31) # | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ... # | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat # | | | | | # * * * * * user-name command to be executed 0 0 * * * root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_movie_name.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1 0 1 * * 1 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_train_station.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1 0 2 * * 2 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_train_number.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1 0 3 * * 4 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_flight_number.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1 0 4 * * 5 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_airport_name.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1

总结

上述都是一些简单的Python爬虫项目，刚开始接触Python的老铁们可以试着自己去敲代码运行一下。

可能更多的还是Python零基础，只是听说过还没有真正地接触过。还不知道该如何去入门Python，入门Python又要学那些知识。在这里小编整理了全套的Python零基础学习资料，一些Python常用工具的安装包，学习路线图。都可以找我拿，什么都不要，拿的方式是：

关注 转发，私信小编“资料”即可获取。