I passed a wakeful night.

我熬过了一个无眠之夜。

pass 在这里指的是“度过一段时间” wakeful 指的是“人醒着的”

I was up all night

我整晚都没睡。

up 指的是"out of bed"（起床）

I had a sleepless night.

我整晚都睡不着。

I tossed about in bed all night.

我一整夜辗转难眠。

toss about 指的是“翻来复去、辗转反侧”

I was counting sheep all night.

我整晚都在数绵羊。

count sheep是习语，意为“失眠”；源自失眠时“数羊”可入睡之传说

其他相关表达

I guess I drank too much coffee, I was wide awake all night.

我猜我喝太多咖啡了，睡不着。

Sleeping pills somehow didn't work for me last night.

安眠药都对我没用。

I've been suffering from insomnia.

最近我一直受失眠之苦。

I didn't close my eyes until early morning.

我一整夜都没合过眼。